Tractors are used to pull conventional trailers carrying equipment or products useful for farming; they may also be towing heavy machinery used in sow ing,plowing or harvesting. These can be installed at the front of the tractor as in the case of Rollers, Forks, Shovels, To connect these materials to the tractor, a coupling system must be used, the type of which varies according to the model. In most cases, however, the three-point hitch system is used. For this purpose, the tractor relies on the power take-off from either the hydraulic or pneumatic system or from the rear of the vehicle.
In general, tractors have four wheels: Two-wheel drive, located at the rear of the vehicle and two guide wheels located at the front. Some tractors have four driving wheels instead of two. Another key component of the agricultural tractor is the driver's cabin. Depending on the type of tractor, some models come with an Enclosed Cab while others are Open Station.
In terms of mechanical functioning, the tractor is no different from the car. It has a three-pedal system: the clutch, the brake and the accelerator. Sometimes there is a fourth pedal , corresponding to a second brake. Each brake controls one side of the tractor. There is also a lever, connected to the accelerator. This lever, which is operated manually, is used to block the engine at constant rate.
The tractor is therefore a machine where the transmission is manual. It has several speeds and reduction gears, allowing it to travel at fairly slow speeds. However, in recent years, manual transmissions have been replaced by automatic transmissions or continuously variable transmissions. There are several kinds of tractor, each serving a different purpose or need.
Each type of tractor features several ranges:. Conventional Tractors. The most widely used tractor in the agricultural machinery market, it has one major advantage: its versatility. The conventional tractor allows farmers to tow, push, or even carry agricultural tools and equipment. Mini Tractors. Mini tractors are among the least powerful tractors on the market. Advantageous by their small size which makes it easy to move around, they are perfectly suited to local communities or individuals with large land and even certain farmers according to their needs.
These tractors are used for performing row crop operations such as planting of row crops and performing intercultural operations. They have high clearance and front wheels are adjustable for different row spacing. These are medium size tractors from 12 to 20 drawbar horsepower.
They are limited in height so as they have to operate under and around the trees. They are limited in width due to the space between the trees. They have a short turning radius. They range in size from 1 to 12 horsepower. Air cooled engine are usually used in garden tractors. They have low clearance and are designed for light duty work. Traction is limited because of its weight and its cost per acre is relatively high.
It cannot perform deep tillage operations. More skill and greater effort is required to operate these tractors. Maintenance charges are high. It is a two-wheeled tractor. It is steered or maneuvered by hands and usually operates a rotary tiller. These tractors easily add other equipment like harvesters , tillers, hay cutters, Threshers , and many more. These generally have gasoline or diesel engines.
Next, compact tractors are used in vineyards, fruit yards, and nut yards. They are constructed in a way that the user can sit comfortably and choose the hanging fruits or trim the trees at the same time.
The best advantage of compact tractors is they can be adjusted in every space of the yard. Compact tractors come at a smaller size, and it consumes less fuel that saves money. Row crop tractors used in farms wherein farmers plant crops in a row. These tractors are all around tractors that perform various farming tasks you need to do, Including weed control, leveling, plowing, harrowing, and pulling seed drills.
They consist of many benefits like user-friendly, adequate row spacing, comfortable driving, greater ground clearance, ease of steering, easily attached and detached attachments, etc. Industrial tractors, as the name suggests, mainly used in the industry more than agriculture. Formerly, these tractors called tuggers. These tractors mostly used to pull heavy loads and fit the cranes to lifting heavy weights easily.
These tractors are different from the agriculture tractor. They do not have a three-point hitch as farming tractors. Garden tractors come in the engine power range of 1 hp to 20 hp, and they have very small construction size. These tractors mainly used for cutting the grass and making the flower beds in your garden.
The Types of Tractors in third classification depend upon the purpose for which they are used. They are further divided into broad categories listed below:.
Utility Tractor is general purpose machine and is designed for ploughing and driving any other equipment through its drive and is considered good for such farms where farmer cannot afford more machines to perform specific jobs.
This is an all round machine and is designed in such a way that it meets all the Agricultural demands like Ploughing, Harrowing, Levelling, Pulling Seed Drills, Weed Control, running different machines like Water Pumps, Threshers using belt pulley. These special type Farm machines are only used in Orchards. These Tractors have big height so that while sitting on the Tractor the Driver can easily pluck the fruits or the trees can easily be trimmed.
There is no part of this machine outside the surface and this allows easy passage in between the trees. The Industrial Type machines are also called as Tuggers. They are useful in pulling loads and are fitted with crane boom for easy lifting of loads.
These machines fall in the power range of 1 to 10 HP Horse Power and have very small construction size. They are mostly used for Grass Cutting or for making Flower Beds in the garden. The wheels fitted to such machines are having the size of a Scooter and have a thicker depth. They fall under the category of Walking Type Tractors and are used in small fields or on hills where fields are smaller in size and are at different height levels. Here, Ordinary equipment cannot work efficiently.
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