Like a curtain of tissue, it is draped in front of the intestines to insulate and protect them. Substructures of the peritoneum : This is a midsagittal, cross-section drawing of the epiploic foramen, the greater sac or general cavity red , and the lesser sac or omental bursa blue.
The structures in the abdomen are classified as intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal depending on whether they are covered with visceral peritoneum and are attached by mesenteries, such as the mensentery and mesocolon. Intraperitoneal organs include the stomach, the first five centimeters and the fourth part of the the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the cecum, the appendix, the transverse colon, the sigmoid colon, and the upper third of the rectum.
Other organs located in the intraperitoneal space are the liver, spleen, and the tail of the pancreas. In women, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and gonadal blood vessels are located in the intraperitoneum. Retroperitoneal structures include the rest of the duodenum, the ascending colon, the descending colon, the middle third of the rectum, and the remainder of the pancreas.
Other organs located in the retroperitoneal space are the kidneys, adrenal glands, proximal ureters, and renal vessels. Organs located below the peritoneum in the subperitoneal space include the lower third of the rectum and the urinary bladder. Structures that are intraperitoneal are generally mobile, while those that are retroperitoneal are relatively fixed in their location.
Some structures, such as the kidneys, are primarily retroperitoneal, while others such as the majority of the duodenum, are secondarily retroperitoneal, meaning that structure developed intraperitoneally, but lost its mesentery and thus became retroperitoneal.
Peritoneum : The peritoneum illustrated, indicated by blue. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Digestive System. Search for:. The Peritoneum. The Peritoneum The peritoneum, the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity, covers most of the intra-abdominal organs.
Learning Objectives Differentiate among the digestive organs and their location relative to the peritoneum. Key Takeaways Key Points The peritoneum supports the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves.
There are two layers of the peritoneum: the outer layer, called the parietal peritoneum, is attached to the abdominal wall; the inner layer, the visceral peritoneum, is wrapped around the internal organs that are located inside the intraperitoneal cavity. The mesentery is the double layer of visceral peritoneum. The potential space between these two layers, the peritoneal cavity, is filled with a small amount of slippery serous fluid that allows the two layers to slide freely over each other.
The structures in the abdomen are classified as intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal, depending on whether they are covered with visceral peritoneum and are attached by mesenteries. There are two main regions of the peritoneum connected by the epiploic foramen: the greater sac or general cavity of the abdomen, and the lesser sac or omental bursa.
Intraperitoneal organs and retroperitoneal organs weave in and out of these membranes, and serve varying functions. Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer.
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