Rubella during pregnancy is associated with the development of a number of abnormalities in the fetus, including intellectual disability, deafness and heart defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome. No cases of this syndrome have been detected in women inadvertently vaccinated while pregnant or who became pregnant within 28 days of vaccination.
Should a pregnant woman inadvertently receive MMR vaccine, she should be counseled about the theoretical risk to the fetus. However, vaccination in pregnancy is not an automatic reason for termination of the pregnancy. Varicella vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women. Varicella infection chickenpox in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, often requiring admission to the hospital, and a small risk of limb abnormalities in the fetus.
Newborn infants whose mothers acquire varicella within 5 days of delivery are at increased risk of acquiring severe varicella infection. Because of the increased susceptibility of mother and infant to harm from varicella infection, varicella immunoglobulin purified antibodies to varicella is recommended for exposed pregnant women within 96 hours of exposure and for exposed newborns within 48 hours of birth.
While varicella immunoglobulin may not prevent varicella in all cases, it is likely to lessen the severity of the illness. Pregnancy in a household contact is not a reason to defer vaccination in a susceptible child. Miscarriage can occur in any pregnancy. Does getting measles, mumps, or rubella during pregnancy increase the chance of birth defects? This is called the background risk. Based on the data available, it is unlikely that having measles or mumps during pregnancy increases the chance for birth defects.
If an individual gets rubella during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the baby and cause birth defects. This is called congenital rubella syndrome CRS. Babies affected by CRS can have hearing loss, heart defects, cataracts cloudy films that form over the lens of the eyes that can affect vision , growth issues, and developmental delay. Not all babies with CRS will have all these symptoms. A baby is more likely to be affected by CRS if the pregnant person gets rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy, although infection any time in pregnancy carries a chance of CRS.
Because of these concerns, pregnant people are usually screened early in pregnancy to be sure they have antibodies to rubella. If a rubella infection occurs between 12 and 16 weeks, half of these babies are expected to be affected by CRS, and deafness is the most common complication reported with infection after the first trimester.
A rubella infection during pregnancy can also cause growth issues for the baby. This is most likely to happen when an infection occurs prior to 16 weeks. Having measles, mumps, or rubella during pregnancy might increase the chance of stillbirth fetal death after 20 weeks. A measles or mumps infection near the time of delivery might also increase the chance of a baby being born with the infection, although this is thought to be rare.
Does having measles, mumps, or rubella in pregnancy cause long-term problems in behavior or learning for the baby? Having a rubella infection in pregnancy has been shown to cause intellectual disabilities in some children.
There is not enough information to know if measles or mumps can cause long-term problems in behavior or learning for the baby. If you have measles, mumps, or rubella, talk to your healthcare provider about the best ways to prevent the spread of the illness to your breastfed baby. Can having measles, mumps, or rubella make it harder for me to get my partner pregnant or increase the chance of birth defects?
Measles and rubella have not been studied for effects on male fertility. A mumps infection may temporarily decrease testicular size, but this is not likely to cause infertility difficulty getting a partner pregnant. Infected partners can pass these viruses to a pregnant person through close contact. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase the risk to a pregnancy.
The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live but weakened measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. The vaccine causes a person to develop antibodies to these viruses and provides protection should they encounter these viruses in the future.
These antibodies usually last for life. The vaccine may cause mild side effects including rash or joint aches. In the U. Researchers concluded that the rubella vaccination does not seem to be risky in early pregnancy. Erring on the side of caution, though, doctors continue to advise waiting a bit to get pregnant, and they recommend against vaccinating women who are known to be pregnant. If you received the MMR vaccine during your pregnancy, try not to panic. The advice regarding waiting to get pregnant after a rubella vaccination is based on a theoretical risk, rather than on a documented evidence of risk.
Chances are, everything will be fine. If you're thinking about getting pregnant or you're already pregnant, here's what you need to know about getting vaccinated against MMR.
If you are planning on becoming pregnant soon and you haven't yet gotten the MMR vaccine or if you don't know whether you've gotten it in the past , you can be tested for immunity. You're probably immune if you had the shot or were infected with rubella in the past. If you're not immune, get the MMR shot and then wait a month before trying to conceive. If you are immune, you can start trying to conceive immediately.
If you received the MMR vaccine before you got pregnant, then you're immune and you don't have to worry about contracting rubella. If you received the MMR vaccine during your pregnancy, again, it's no reason to panic, but let your doctor know in case he or she wants to monitor you. If you haven't ever gotten the MMR vaccine, get the shot shortly after you give birth. Some doctors recommend getting the vaccination before leaving the hospital and others recommend getting it at a postpartum visit.
This will help keep you from getting sick and passing the infection to your baby and it will help protect your future pregnancies. Get diet and wellness tips delivered to your inbox. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellFamily. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
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